15.2 $L^{p}$ Inequalities

Theorem 15.2.1 (Markov’s Inequality).label Let $(X, \cm, \mu)$ be a measure space, $E$ be a normed vector space, and $f: X \to E$ be a Borel measurable function, then

  1. (1)

    For any $\alpha > 0$,

    \[\mu\bracs{\norm{f}_E \ge \alpha}\le \frac{1}{\alpha}\norm{f}_{L^1(X; E)}\]

  2. (2)

    For $\alpha > 0$ and strictly increasing function $\phi: [0, \infty) \to [0, \infty)$,

    \[\mu\bracs{\norm{f}_E \ge \alpha}\le \frac{1}{\phi(\alpha)}\norm{\phi \circ |f|}_{L^1(X; E)}\]

  3. (3)

    For any $\alpha > 0$,

    \[\mu\bracs{\norm{f}_E \ge \alpha}\le \frac{1}{\alpha^{p}}\norm{f}_{L^p(X; E)}^{p}\]

Proof. (1): For any $\alpha > 0$,

\begin{align*}\mu\bracs{\norm{f}_E \ge \alpha}&= \int_{\bracs{\norm{f}_E \ge \alpha}}d\mu \le \frac{1}{\alpha}\int |\norm{f}_{E}d\mu = \frac{\norm{f}_{L^1(X; E)}}{\alpha}\end{align*}

(2): By Lemma 24.3.3, $\phi: [0, \infty) \to [0, \infty)$ is Borel measurable. Since $\phi$ is strictly increasing, $\bracs{\norm{f}_E \ge \alpha}= \bracs{\phi \circ \norm{f}_E \ge \phi(\alpha)}$, and the result holds by applying (1) to $\phi \circ \norm{f}_{E}$.

(3): Since $x \mapsto x^{p}$ is strictly increasing on $[0, \infty)$, applying (2) to $\phi(x) = x^{p}$ yields the desired result.$\square$

Lemma 15.2.2.label Let $(X, \cm, \mu)$ be a measure space, $E$ be a normed vector space, $p \in [1, \infty)$, and $f, g \in L^{p}(X; E)$, then

\[|\norm{f}_{L^p(X; E)}^{p} - \norm{g}_{L^p(X; E)}^{p}| \le p\norm{f - g}_{L^p(X; E)}(\norm{f}_{L^p(X; E)}\vee \norm{g}_{L^p(X; E)})^{p-1}\]

Proof. By Lemma 3.2.2,

\begin{align*}|\norm{f}_{L^p(X; E)}^{p} - \norm{g}_{L^p(X; E)}^{p}|&\le p|\norm{f}_{L^p(X; E)}- \norm{g}_{L^p(X; E)}|\\&\times (\norm{f}_{L^p(X; E)}\vee \norm{g}_{L^p(X; E)})^{p-1}\\&\le p\norm{f - g}_{L^p(X; E)}(\norm{f}_{L^p(X; E)}\vee \norm{g}_{L^p(X; E)})^{p-1}\end{align*}

$\square$

Post a Comment

Name:Email:
Please enter the tag of the current page (113) to post the comment.
Tag: