38.8 $L^{\infty}$

Proposition 38.8.1.label Let $X$ be a compact Hausdorff space and $\mathscr{M}\subset M_{R}(X; \complex)$ be a closed subspace such that:

  1. (A)

    For each $\mu \in \mathscr{M}$ and $\nu \in M_{R}(X; \complex)$ with $\nu \ll \mu$, $\nu \in \mathscr{M}$.

and

\[J: C(X; \complex) \to \mathscr{M}^{*} \quad \dpn{\mu, J(f)}{\mathscr{M}}= \int f d\mu\]

then

  1. (1)

    $J(C(X; \complex))$ is weak*-dense in $\mathscr{M}^{*}$.

  2. (2)

    There exists a unique weak*-continuous involution on $\mathscr{M}^{*}$ such that $J(f^{*}) = J(f)^{*}$ for all $f \in C(X; \complex)$, given by

    \[\dpn{\mu, \phi^*}{C(X; \complex)^*}= \ol{\dpn{\mu, \phi}{C(X; \complex)^*}}\]

  3. (3)

    There exists a unique seperately weak*-continuous bilinear map on $\mathscr{M}^{*}$ such that $J(fg) = J(f)J(g)$ for all $f, g \in C(X; \complex)$.

  4. (4)

    $\mathscr{M}^{*}$ equipped with the above involution and product is a commutative unital $C^{*}$-algebra.

Proof. Let $\seqi{\mu}$ be a maximal mutually singular family of Radon measures on $X$. Using Theorem 24.7.2 and the Riesz Representation Theorem, identify

\[\mathscr{M}= [l^{1}(I); L^{1}(\mu_{i}; \complex)] \quad \mathscr{M}^{*} = [l^{\infty}(I); L^{\infty}(\mu_{i}; \complex)]\]

(1): Under the above, $C(X; \complex)$ may be identified as the diagonal

\[\bracsn{f \in C(X; \complex)^I|f_i = f_j \forall i, j \in I}\subset [l^{\infty}(I); L^{\infty}(\mu_{i}; \complex)]\]

By Goldstine’s Theorem, $C(X; \complex)$ is weak*-dense in $C(X; \complex)^{**}$. As a result, $J(C(X; \complex))$ is weak*-dense in $\mathscr{M}^{*}$.

(2): For each $g \in [l^{\infty}(I); L^{\infty}(\mu_{i}; \complex)]$, let $g^{*} = \ol g$. For any $\mu \in [l^{1}(I); L^{1}(\mu_{i}; \complex)]$,

\[\dpn{\mu, g^*}{[l^1(I); L^1(\mu_i; \complex)]}= \dpn{f, \ol g}{[l^1(I); L^1(\mu_i; \complex)]}= \ol{\dpn{f, g}{[l^1(I); L^1(\mu_i; \complex)]}}\]

so the conjugation map is weak*-continuous.

(3): Let $f, g \in [l^{\infty}(I); L^{\infty}(\mu_{i}; \complex)]$ and $\mu \in [l^{1}(I); L^{1}(\mu_{i}; \complex)]$,

\[\dpn{\mu, fg}{[l^1(I); L^1(\mu_i; \complex)]}= \dpn{f\mu, g}{[l^1(I); L^1(\mu_i; \complex)]}= \dpn{g\mu, f}{[l^1(I); L^1(\mu_i; \complex)]}\]

so the composition map is separately weak*-continuous.

(4): $[l^{\infty}(I); L^{\infty}(\mu_{i}; \complex)]$ is a commutative unital $C^{*}$-algebra.$\square$

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