Theorem 15.4.3 (Vitali Convergence Theorem).label Let $(X, \cm, \mu)$ be a measure space, $p \in [1, \infty)$, $E$ be a normed vector space over $K \in \RC$, and $\fF \subset 2^{L^p(X; E)}$ be a filter, then $\fF$ is Cauchy in $L^{p}(X; E)$ if and only if:

  1. (M)

    $\fF$ is locally Cauchy in measure.

  2. (UI)

    For each $\eps > 0$, there exists $M \ge 0$ and $F \in \fF$ such that

    \[\sup_{f \in F}\int_{\bracs{\norm{f}_E \ge M}}\norm{f}_{E}^{p} d\mu < \eps\]

  3. (T)

    For each $\eps > 0$, there exists $A \in \cm$ and $F \in \fF$ with $\mu(A) < \infty$ and $\sup_{f \in F}\int_{A^c}\norm{f}_{E}^{p} < \eps$.

Proof. ($L^{p}$) $\Rightarrow$ (M): By Markov’s inequality.

($L^{p}$) $\Rightarrow$ (UI): Let $F \in \fF$ such that for each $f, g \in F$, $\norm{f - g}_{L^p(X; E)}< \eps$. Fix $f \in F$, then by the Dominated Convergence Theorem, there exists $M > 0$ such that $\int_{\bracs{\norm{f}_E \ge M}}\norm{f}_{E}^{p} d\mu < \eps$. For any $g \in F$,

\[\bracs{\norm{g}_E \ge 2M}\subset \bracs{\norm{f}_E \ge M}\cup \bracs{\norm{g}_E \ge 2M, \norm{f}_E \le M}\]

so by Lemma 15.2.2,

\begin{align*}\int_{\bracs{\norm{g}_E \ge 2M}}\norm{g}_{E}^{p}d\mu&\le \int_{\bracs{\norm{f}_E \ge M}}\norm{g}_{E}^{p}d\mu + \int_{\bracs{\norm{g}_E \ge 2M, \norm{f}_E \le M}}\norm{g}_{E}^{p}d\mu \\&\le \int_{\bracs{\norm{f}_E \ge M}}\norm{f}_{E}^{p}d\mu + \int_{\bracs{\norm{g}_E \ge 2M, \norm{f}_E \le M}}\norm{f}_{E}^{p}d\mu \\&+ 2p\norm{f - g}_{L^p(X; E)}(\norm{f}_{L^p(X; E)}\vee \norm{g}_{L^p(X; E)})^{p-1}\end{align*}

Since $\bracs{\norm{g}_E \ge 2M, \norm{f}_E \le M}\subset \bracs{\norm{f - g}_E \ge M}$, by Markov’s inequality,

\[\int_{\bracs{\norm{g}_E \ge 2M, \norm{f}_E \le M}}\norm{f}_{E}^{p}d\mu \le M^{p}\mu\bracs{\norm{f - g}_E \ge M}\le \norm{f - g}_{L^p(X; E)}^{p}\]

Therefore

\[\sup_{g \in F}\int_{\bracs{\norm{g}_E \ge 2M}}\norm{g}_{E}^{p} d\mu \le 2p \eps (\norm{f}_{L^p(X; E)}+ \eps)^{p - 1}+ \eps + \eps^{p}\]

($L^{p}$) $\Rightarrow$ (T): Let $F \in \fF$ such that for each $f, g \in F$, $\norm{f - g}_{L^p(X; E)}< \eps$. Fix $f \in F$, then by the Dominated Convergence Theorem, there exists $A \in \cm$ such that $\mu(A) < \infty$ and $\norm{\one_{A^c}f}_{L^p(X; E)}< \eps$. In which case, for any $g \in F$,

\[\norm{\one_{A^c}g}_{L^p(X; E)}\le \norm{\one_{A^c}f}_{L^p(X; E)}+ \norm{f - g}_{L^p(X; E)}\le \norm{\one_{A^c}f}_{L^p(X; E)}+ \eps\]

(M) + (UI) + (T) $\Rightarrow$ ($L^{p}$): Let $\eps > 0$. By (T), there exists $A \in \cm$ and $F_{1} \in \fF$ with $\mu(A) < \infty$ and $\sup_{f \in F_1}\int_{A^c}\norm{f}_{E}^{p} < \eps^{p}$. Thus for every $f, g \in F_{1}$,

\begin{align*}\norm{f - g}_{L^p(X; E)}&\le \norm{\one_A(f - g)}_{L^p(X; E)}+ \norm{\one_{A^c}f}_{L^p(X; E)}+ \norm{\one_{A^c}g}_{L^p(X; E)}\\&\le \norm{\one_A(f - g)}_{L^p(X; E)}+ 2\eps\end{align*}

By (UI), there exists $M > 0$ and $F_{2} \in \fF$ with $F_{2} \subset F_{1}$ such that

\[\sup_{h \in F_2}\int_{\bracs{\norm{h}_E \ge M}}\norm{h}_{E}^{p} < \eps^{p}\]

Assume without loss of generality that $\mu(A) > 0$ and let $\delta = \eps\mu(A)^{-1/p}$. By (M), there exists $F_{3} \in \fF$ with $F_{3} \subset F_{2}$, such that for any $f, g \in F_{3}$,

\[\mu(A \cap \bracsn{\norm{f - g}_E \ge \delta}) \le \paren{\frac{\eps}{2M}}^{p}\]

In which case,

\begin{align*}\norm{\one_{A}(f - g)}_{L^p(X; E)}&\le \normn{\one_{A \cap \bracs{\norm{f - g}_E \le \delta}}(f - g)}_{L^p(X; E)}\\&+ \normn{\one_{A \cap \bracsn{\norm{f - g}_E \ge \delta}}(f - g)}_{L^p(X; E)}\\&\le \delta\mu(A)^{1/p}+ \normn{\one_{A \cap \bracsn{\norm{f - g}_E \ge \delta}}(f - g)}_{L^p(X; E)}\\&\le \normn{\one_{A \cap \bracsn{\norm{f - g}_E \ge \delta}}(f - g)}_{L^p(X; E)}+ \eps\end{align*}

then for any $f, g \in F_{3}$,

\begin{align*}\normn{\one_{A \cap \bracsn{\norm{f - g}_E \ge \delta}}(f - g)}_{L^p(X; E)}&\le \normn{\one_{A \cap \bracsn{\norm{f - g}_E \ge \delta}}f}_{L^p(X; E)}\\&+ \normn{\one_{A \cap \bracsn{\norm{f - g}_E \ge \delta}}g}_{L^p(X; E)}\end{align*}

Now,

\begin{align*}\normn{\one_{A \cap \bracsn{\norm{f - g}_E \ge \delta}}f}_{L^p(X; E)}&\le \normn{\one_{\bracsn{\norm{f}_E \ge M}}f}_{L^p(X; E)}\\&+ \normn{\one_{A \cap \bracsn{\norm{f - g}_E \ge \delta, \norm{f}_E \le M}}f}_{L^p(X; E)}\\&\le \eps + \eps/2 = 3\eps/2\end{align*}

Similarly, $\normn{\one_{A \cap \bracsn{\norm{f - g}_E \ge \delta}}g}_{L^p(X; E)}\le 3\eps/2$. Thus

\[\normn{\one_{A \cap \bracsn{\norm{f - g}_E \ge \delta}}(f - g)}_{L^p(X; E)}\le 3\eps\]

Therefore for any $f, g \in F_{3}$, $\norm{f - g}_{L^p(X; E)}\le 6 \eps$, so $\fF$ is Cauchy in $L^{p}(X; E)$.$\square$

Post a Comment

Name:Email:
Please enter the tag of the current page (118) to post the comment.
Tag: