Theorem 24.6.6.label Let $(X, \cm, \mu)$ be a measure space and $(Y, d)$ be a complete metric space, then:

  1. (1)

    For any $\seq{f_n}\subset L^{0}(X; Y)$ that is Cauchy in measure, there exists $f \in L^{0}(X; Y)$ and a subsequence $\seq{n_k}$ such that $f_{n_k}\to f$ almost everywhere and in measure.

  2. (2)

    $L^{0}(X; Y)$ equipped with the uniform structure of convergence in measure is complete.

Proof, [[Theorem 2.30, Fol99]. ] (1): Since $\seq{f_n}$ is Cauchy in measure, there exists a subsequence $\seq{n_k}$ such that for each $k \in \natp$, $\mu(\bracsn{d(f_{n_k}, f_{n_{k+1}}) > 2^{-k}}) \le 2^{-k}$.

In this case, for any $K \in \natp$ and $j \ge k \ge K$,

\[\bracsn{d(f_{n_j}, f_{n_k}) > 2^{-K+1}}\subset \bigcup_{\ell = k}^{j - 1}\bracsn{d(f_{n_\ell}, f_{n_{\ell + 1}}) > 2^{-\ell}}\subset \bigcup_{\ell = K}^{\infty}\bracsn{d(f_{n_\ell}, f_{n_{\ell + 1}}) > 2^{-\ell}}\]

By monotonicity and subadditivity,

\[\mu\paren{\bigcup_{j, k \ge K}\bracsn{d(f_{n_j}, f_{n_k}) > 2^{-K+1}}}\le \sum_{\ell \ge K}\mu\bracsn{d(f_{n_\ell}, f_{n_{\ell + 1}}) > 2^{-\ell}}\le 2^{-K+1}\]

so

\[\mu\braks{\paren{\bigcap_{j, k \ge K}\bracsn{d(f_{n_j}, f_{n_k}) \le 2^{-K+1}}}^c}\le 2^{-K+1}\]

By the First Borel-Cantelli Lemma,

\[\mu\braks{\limsup_{K \to \infty}\paren{\bigcap_{j, k \ge K}\bracsn{d(f_{n_j}, f_{n_k}) \le 2^{-K+1}}}^c}= 0\]

Thus, for almost every $x \in X$, there exists $K \in \natp$ such that $d(f_{n_j}(x), f_{n_k}(x)) < 2^{-K+1}$ for all $j, k \ge K$. Therefore $\seq{f_n(x)}$ is Cauchy for almost every $x$, and converges almost everywhere to a Borel measurable function $f \in L^{0}(X; Y)$.

Finally, for each $K \in \natp$,

\[\mu\bracs{d(f_{n_K}, f) > 2^{-K+1}}\le \sum_{k \ge K}\mu\bracs{d(f_{n_k}, f_{n_K}) > 2^{-k}}\le \sum_{k \ge K}2^{-k}\]

so $f_{n_k}\to f$ in measure as well.

(2): Since the uniform structure of convergence in measure on $L^{0}(X; Y)$ is defined by the Ky Fan metric, completeness follows from (1) and Proposition 8.1.4.$\square$

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