Proposition 5.26.4.label Let $X$ be a set, $(Y, \topo)$ be a topological space, and $\mathcal{B}$ be a base for $Y$ with $\emptyset \in \mathcal{B}$, then:

  1. (1)

    For any open preimage function $P: \topo \to 2^{X}$, $P|_{\mathcal{B}}$ is a basic preimage function.

  2. (2)

    For any basic preimage function $p: \mathcal{B}\to 2^{X}$, there exists a unique open preimage function $P: \topo \to 2^{X}$ such that $p = P|_{\mathcal{B}}$.

Proof. (2): For each $U \in \topo$, let $\mathcal{B}(U) = \bracs{V \in \mathcal{B}|V \subset U}$, and

\[P: \topo \to 2^{X} \quad U \mapsto \bigcup_{V \in \mathcal{B}(U)}p(V)\]

then $P(\emptyset) = \emptyset$. For any $U \in\topo$, $U = \bigcup_{V \in \mathcal{B}(U)}V$, so if $P$ is an extension of $p$ to $\topo$ as an open preimage function, then $P$ must be unique by (PF2’).

Let $\mathcal{U}\subset \topo$. Since $\bigcup_{U \in \mathcal{U}}\mathcal{B}(U) \subset \mathcal{B}\paren{\bigcup_{U \in \mathcal{U}}U}$, $\bigcup_{U \in \mathcal{U}}P(U) \subset P\paren{\bigcup_{U \in \mathcal{U}}U}$. On the other hand, for each $V \in \mathcal{B}\paren{\bigcup_{U \in \mathcal{U}}U}$, $V \subset \bigcup_{U \in \mathcal{U}}\bigcup_{W \in \mathcal{B}(U)}W$. By (PF2’),

\[p(V) \subset \bigcup_{U \in \mathcal{U}}\bigcup_{W \in \mathcal{B}(U)}p(W) = \bigcup_{U \in \mathcal{U}}P(U)\]

so

\[P\paren{\bigcup_{U \in \mathcal{U}}U}= \bigcup_{V \in \mathcal{B}(\bigcup_{U \in \mathcal{U}}U)}p(V) \subset \bigcup_{U \in \mathcal{U}}P(U)\]

Finally, let $U, V \in \topo$, then since $\mathcal{B}(U \cap V) = \mathcal{B}(U) \cap \mathcal{B}(V)$,

\begin{align*}P(U \cap V)&= \bigcup_{W \in \mathcal{B}(U \cap V)}p(W) \\&\subset \bigcup_{W \in \mathcal{B}(U)}p(W) \cap \bigcup_{W \in \mathcal{B}(V)}p(W) = P(U) \cap P(V)\end{align*}

On the other hand, by (PF3’),

\begin{align*}P(U) \cap P(V)&= \bigcup_{W \in \mathcal{B}(U)}\bigcup_{W' \in \mathcal{B}(V)}p(W) \cap p(W') \\&\subset \bigcup_{W \in \mathcal{B}(U)}\bigcup_{W' \in \mathcal{B}(V)}\bigcup_{S \in \mathcal{B}(W \cap W')}p(S) \\&\subset \bigcup_{W \in \mathcal{B}(U \cap V)}p(W) = P(U \cap V)\end{align*}

so $P(U \cap V) = P(U) \cap P(V)$. Therefore $P$ is an open preimage function.$\square$

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