Lemma 22.4.3 (Gluing Lemma for Measures).label Let $(X, \cm)$ be a measurable space, $\cf \subset \cm$ be an ideal, and $\bracsn{\mu_A}_{A \in \cf}$ such that:

  1. (a)

    For each $A \in \cf$, $\mu_{A}$ is a finite measure on $A$.

  2. (b)

    For each $A, B \in \cf$ and $E \in \cm$, $\mu_{A}(E \cap A \cap B) = \mu_{B}(E \cap A \cap B)$.

Let

\[\mu: \cm \to [0, \infty] \quad E \mapsto \sup\bracsn{\mu_A(E \cap A)|A \in \cf}\]

then:

  1. (1)

    $\mu$ is a measure.

  2. (2)

    $\cf$ is a scaffold for $(X, \cm, \mu)$.

  3. (3)

    For each $E \in \cm$, $\mu(A \cap E) = \mu_{A}(A \cap E)$.

Proof. (3): Let $E \in \cm$, then $\mu_{A}(A \cap E) \le \mu(A \cap E)$ by definition. On the other hand, for any $B \in \cf$,

\[\mu_{B}(A \cap B \cap E) = \mu_{A}(A \cap B \cap E) \le \mu_{A}(A \cap E)\]

Since the above holds for all $B \in \cf$, $\mu(A \cap E) \le \mu_{A}(A \cap E)$.

(1): Let $\seq{E_n}\subset \cm$ be pairwise disjoint, then for each $A \in \cm$,

\[\mu\paren{A \cap \bigsqcup_{n \in \natp}E_n}= \sum_{n \in \natp}\mu_{A}(A \cap E_{n}) \le \sum_{n \in \natp}\mu(E_{n})\]

so $\mu\paren{\bigsqcup_{n \in \natp}E_n}\le \sum_{n \in \natp}\mu(E_{n})$.

On the other hand, let $n \in \natp$, $\seqf{A_k}\subset \cf$, and $A = \bigcup_{k = 1}^{n} A_{k} \in \cf$, then

\begin{align*}\sum_{k = 1}^{n} \mu(A_{k} \cap E_{k})&= \sum_{k = 1}^{n} \mu_{A_k}(A_{k} \cap E_{k}) \\&\le \mu_{A}\paren{A \cap \bigsqcup_{k = 1}^n E_k}\\&\le \mu\paren{\bigsqcup_{k \in \natp}E_k}\end{align*}

As this holds for all choice of $\seq{A_k}\subset \cf$,

\[\sum_{k = 1}^{n} \mu(E_{k}) \le \mu\paren{\bigsqcup_{k \in \natp}E_k}\]

and as the above holds for all $n \in \natp$, $\sum_{n \in \natp}\mu(E_{n}) \le \mu\paren{\bigsqcup_{n \in \natp}E_n}$.

(2): By definition of $\mu$.$\square$

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