Theorem 34.6.1 (Gelfand-Naimark).label Let $A$ be a commutative unital $C^{*}$-algebra, then the Gelfand transform

\[\Gamma_{A}: A \to C(\Omega(A); \complex) \quad \Gamma_{A}(x)(\phi) = \phi(x)\]

is a unital $C^{*}$-isomorphism.

Proof, [Theorem II.9.4, Zhu93]. By construction $\Gamma_{A}$ is a unital algebra homomorphism.

To see that $\Gamma_{A}$ preserves involutions, let $y \in A$ be self-adjoint. By Proposition 33.8.2 and Proposition 34.3.6, $\Gamma_{A}(y)(\Omega(A)) = \sigma_{A}(y) \subset \real$, so $\Gamma_{A}(y) \in C(\Omega(A); \real)$. For any $x \in A$, write $x = \text{Re}(x) + i\text{Im}(x)$, where $\text{Re}(x)$ and $\text{Im}(x)$ are both self-adjoint, then

\begin{align*}\Gamma_{A}(x^{*})&= \Gamma_{A}(\text{Re}(x) - i\text{Im}(x)) \\&= \Gamma_{A}(\text{Re}(x)) - i\Gamma_{A}(\text{Im}(x)) \\&= \overline{\Gamma_A(\text{Re}(x)) + i\Gamma_A(\text{Im}(x))}= \overline{\Gamma_A(x)}\end{align*}

so $\Gamma_{A}(x^{*}) = \Gamma_{A}(x)^{*}$.

Now, for each $x \in A$, Corollary 34.3.5 and Proposition 33.8.2 imply that

\begin{align*}\norm{x}_{A}^{2}&= \sup\bracs{|\lambda|\ | \lambda \in \sigma_A(x^*x)}\\&= \sup\bracs{|\Gamma_A(x^*x)(\phi)|\ | \phi \in \Omega(A)}\\&= \sup\bracs{|\Gamma_A(x)(\phi)|^2\ | \phi \in \Omega(A)}\\ \norm{x}_{A}&= \norm{\Gamma_A(x)}_{u}\end{align*}

Thus $\Gamma_{A}$ is an isometry, and $\Gamma_{A}(A)$ is a closed subalgebra of $C(\Omega(A))$.

Since $\Gamma_{A}(1_{A}) = 1$, $\Gamma_{A}(A)$ contains constants. As $\Gamma_{A}(A)$ separates points and is closed under complex conjugation, $\Gamma_{A}(A) = C(\Omega(A))$ by the Stone-Weierstrass Theorem.$\square$

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