Lemma 22.2.2.label Let $X$ be a topological space, then $\cb_{X}$ is the smallest subset of $2^{X}$ that:

  1. (1)

    contains open and closed subsets of $X$.

  2. (2)

    is closed under countable intersections.

  3. (3)

    is closed under countable disjoint unions.

Proof, [Lemma 8.2.4, Coh13]. Let $\cf \subset 2^{X}$ be the smallest subset of $2^{X}$ satisfying the lemma. Since $\cb_{X}$ satisfies the lemma, $\cf \subset \cb_{X}$. On the other hand, let

\[\cf_{0} = \bracs{A \subset X| A \in \cf, A^c \in \cf}\]

then by definition, $\cf_{0}$ is closed under complements. Let $\seq{A_n}\subset \cf_{0}$, then

\[\bigcup_{n \in \natp}A_{n} = \bigsqcup_{n \in \natp}A_{n} \setminus \bigcup_{k = 1}^{n-1}A_{k} = \bigsqcup_{n \in \natp}A_{n} \cap \bigcap_{k = 1}^{n - 1}A_{k}^{c}\]

Since $\cf_{0} \subset \cf$ is closed under complements, $\seq{A_n^c}\subset \cf$ as well. By (2) and (3), $\bigcup_{n \in \natp}A_{n} \in \cf$ and $\bigcap_{n \in \natp}A_{n}^{c} \in \cf$. Thus $\bigcup_{n \in \natp}A_{n} \in \cf$ as well. By (1), $\cf_{0}$ is a $\sigma$-algebra that contains all open subsets of $X$, so $\cf \supset \cf_{0} \supset \cb_{X}$.$\square$

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