26.8 Local Convergence in Measure

Definition 26.8.1 (Locally In Measure*).label Let $(X, \cm, \cf, \mu)$ be a scaffolded measure space and $(Y, d)$ be a separable metric space. For each $\eps, \delta > 0$ and $A \in \cf$, let

\[U(A, \delta, \eps) = \bracs{(f, g) \in \mathcal{L}^0(X; Y)| \mu(A \cap \bracs{d(f, g) > \delta}) < \eps}\]

then

\[\fB = \bracs{U(A, \delta, \eps)|\eps, \delta > 0, A \in \cm, \mu(A) < \infty}\]

forms a fundamental system of entourages for a uniformity.

The uniformity defined by $\fB$ is the uniform structure of local convergence in measure, and $\mathcal{L}_{\cf}^{0}(X; Y)$ denotes $\mathcal{L}^{0}(X; Y)$ equipped with this uniformity.

Proof. It is sufficient to check the conditions of Proposition 6.1.8:

  1. (FB1)

    For each $\eps, \eps', \delta, \delta' > 0$ and $A, A' \in \cm$ with $\mu(A), \mu(A') < \infty$,

    \[U(A \cup A', \delta \wedge \delta', \eps \wedge \eps') \subset U(A, \delta, \eps) \cap U(A', \delta', \eps')\]

  2. (UB3)

    For each $\eps, \delta > 0$, $A \in \cf$, and $f, g, h \in \mathcal{L}^{0}(X; Y)$,

    \[\bracs{d(f, h) > \delta}\subset \bracs{d(f, g) > \delta}\cup \bracs{d(g, h) > \delta}\]

    so $U(A, \delta/2, \eps/2) \circ U(A, \delta/2, \eps/2) \subset U(A, \delta, \eps)$.

$\square$

Proposition 26.8.2.label Let $(X, \cm, \cf, \mu)$ be a scaffolded measure space, $(Y, d)$ be a separable metric space, and $\fF$ be a filter of $(\cm, \cb_{Y})$-measurable functions, then $\fF$ is Cauchy in measure if and only if:

  1. (L)
  2. (T)

    For each $\eps, \delta > 0$, there exists $F \in \fF$ and $A \in \cf$ such that

    \[\sup_{f, g \in F}\mu(A^{c} \cap \bracs{d(f, g) > \delta}) < \eps\]

Proof. (L) + (T) $\Rightarrow$ (In Measure): Let $\eps, \delta > 0$. By (T) then there exists $F_{1} \in \fF$ and $A \in \cf$ such that

\[\sup_{f, g \in F_1}\mu(A^{c} \cap \bracs{d(f, g) > \delta}) < \eps\]

By (L), there exists $F_{2} \in \fF$ with $F_{2} \subset F_{1}$ such that

\[\sup_{f, g \in F_2}\mu(A \cap \bracs{d(f, g) > \delta}) < \eps\]

Therefore

\[\sup_{f, g \in F_2}\mu\bracs{d(f, g) > \delta}< 2\eps\]

$\square$

Theorem 26.8.3.label Let $(X, \cm, \cf, \mu)$ be a scaffolded localisable measure space and $(Y, d)$ be a Polish space, then $\mathcal{L}^{0}_{\cf}(X; Y)$ is complete.

Proof. Let $\fF \subset \mathcal{L}^{0}_{\cf}(X; Y)$ be a Cauchy filter. By Theorem 26.7.4, for each $A \in \cf$, there exists an almost everywhere unique $f_{A} \in \mathcal{L}^{0}(A; Y)$ such that $\fF$ converges to $f_{A}$ when restricted to $A$. Thus for any $A, B \in \cf$, $f_{A \cup B}|_{A \cap B}= f_{A}|_{A \cap B}= f_{B}|_{B \cap A}$ almost everywhere. By the gluing lemma for measurable functions, there exists $f \in \mathcal{L}^{0}(X; Y)$ such that $f|_{A} = f_{A}$ for all $A \in \cf$. Thus $\fF \to f$ locally in measure, and $\mathcal{L}^{0}(X; Y)$ is complete.$\square$

Theorem 26.8.4 (Monotone Convergence Theorem (in Measure)).label Let $(X, \cm, \mu)$ be a semifinite measure space, $\net{f}\subset \mathcal{L}^{+}(X, \cm)$, and $f \in \mathcal{L}^{+}(X, \cm)$ such that

  1. (a)

    For each $x \in X$, $f_{\alpha}(x) \upto f(x)$.

  2. (b)

    $f_{\alpha} \to f$ locally in measure.

then

\[\lim_{\alpha \in A}\int f_{\alpha} d\mu = \int f d\mu\]

Proof. By Definition 27.2.2, $\int f_{\alpha} d\mu \le \int f d\mu$ for each $\alpha \in A$.

On the other hand, using Lemma 27.2.3, it is sufficient to show that

\[\lim_{\alpha \in A}\int f_{\alpha} d\mu = \sup_{\alpha \in A}\int f_{\alpha} d\mu \ge \int \phi d\mu\]

for any $\phi \in \Sigma^{+}(X, \cm)$ satisfying:

  1. (i)

    There exists $\delta > 0$ such that $\phi + \delta \le f$ on $\bracs{\phi > 0}$.

  2. (ii)

    $\phi \in L^{1}(X, \cm)$.

To this end, let $\eps > 0$. Since $\mu\bracs{\phi > 0}< \infty$, by (b), there exists $\alpha \in A$ such that

\[\mu\bracs{\phi > 0, f_\alpha + \delta < \phi}\le \mu\bracs{\phi > 0, f_\alpha + \delta < f}< \frac{\eps}{\norm{\phi}_{u}}\]

In which case, by linearity,

\begin{align*}\int \phi d\mu&= \int_{\bracs{\phi > 0}}\phi d\mu = \int_{\bracs{\phi > 0, f_\alpha + \delta \ge \phi}}\phi d\mu + \int_{\bracs{\phi > 0, f_\alpha + \delta < \phi}}\phi d\mu \\&\le \int_{\bracs{\phi > 0, f_\alpha + \delta \ge \phi}}f_{\alpha} d\mu +\norm{\phi}_{u}\mu \bracs{\phi > 0, f_\alpha + \delta < \phi}\\&\le \int f_{\alpha} d\mu + \norm{\phi}_{u} \frac{\eps}{\norm{\phi}_{u}}= \int f_{\alpha} d\mu + \eps\end{align*}

As the above holds for all $\eps > 0$, $\int \phi d\mu \le \sup_{\alpha \in A}\int f_{\alpha} d\mu$. Therefore

\[\int f d\mu = \sup_{\alpha \in A}\int f_{\alpha} d\mu = \lim_{\alpha \in A}\int f_{\alpha} d\mu\]

$\square$

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