Proposition 15.3.2. Let $(X, \cm)$ be a measurable space, $\seq{f_n}$ be $(\cm, \cb_{\ol \real})$-measurable functions, then the following functions are $(\cm, \cb_{\ol \real})$-measurable:

  1. $F = \sup_{n \in \natp}f_{n}$.

  2. $f = \inf_{n \in \natp}f_{n}$.

  3. $G = \limsup_{n \to \infty}f_{n}$.

  4. $g = \limsup_{n \to \infty}f_{n}$.

  5. $\limv{n}f_{n}$ (if it exists).

In addition, if the above functions are $\real$-valued, then they are $(\cm, \cb_{\real})$-measurable.

Proof. (1): Let $\alpha \in \real$, then for any $x \in X$, $F(x) > \alpha$ if and only if there exists $n \in \natp$ such that $f_{n}(x) > \alpha$. Thus

\[\bracs{F > \alpha}= \bigcup_{n \in \natp}\bracs{f_n > \alpha}\]

(2): Let $\alpha \in \real$, then

\[\bracs{f < \alpha}= \bigcup_{n \in \natp}\bracs{f_n < \alpha}\]

By Proposition 13.1.10 and Lemma 15.1.4, $F$ and $f$ are both $(\cm, \cb_{\ol \real})$-measurable.

(3): $\limsup_{n \to \infty}f_{n} = \inf_{n \in \natp}\sup_{k \ge n}f_{k}$.

(4): $\liminf_{n \to \infty}f_{n} = \sup_{n \in \natp}\inf_{k \ge n}f_{k}$.

(5): If $\limv{n}f_{n}$ exists, then it is equal to (3) and (4). In which case, it is measurable.

Finally, if the above functions are $\real$-valued, then they are $(\cm, \cb_{\real})$-measurable by Lemma 15.3.1.$\square$