23.2 Vector Measures

Definition 23.2.1 (Vector Measure).label Let $(X, \cm)$ be a measurable space, $E$ be a normed vector space over $K \in \RC$, and $\mu: \cm \to E$, then $\mu$ is a vector measure if:

  1. (M1)

    $\mu(\emptyset) = 0$.

  2. (M2)

    For any $\seq{A_n}\subset \cm$ pairwise disjoint, $\mu\paren{\bigsqcup_{n \in \natp}A_n}= \sum_{n \in \natp}\mu(A_{n})$ where the sum converges absolutely.

Proposition 23.2.2.label Let $(X, \cm)$ be a measurable space, $E$ be a normed vector space over $K \in \RC$, and $\mu: \cm \to E$ be a vector measure, then

\[\sup_{A \in \cm}\norm{\mu(A)}_{E} < \infty\]

Proof. For each $\phi \in E^{*}$, the mapping

\[\mu_{\phi}: \cm \to \complex \quad A \mapsto \dpn{\mu(A), \phi}{E}\]

is a complex measure. For each $A \in \cm$, let

\[x_{A}: E^{*} \to \complex \quad \phi \mapsto \dpn{\mu(A), \phi}{E}\]

then for each $\phi \in E^{*}$,

\[\sup_{A \in \cm}|\dpn{\phi, x_A}{E^{**}}| = \sup_{A \in \cm}|\dpn{\mu(A),\phi}{E}| < \infty\]

By Proposition 12.5.5 and Proposition 12.5.3, $E^{*}$ is a Banach space. The Uniform Boundedness Principle implies that

\[\sup_{A \in \cm}\norm{\mu(A)}_{E}= \sup_{A \in \cm}\norm{x_A}_{E^{**}}< \infty\]

$\square$

Proposition 23.2.3.label Let $(X, \cm)$ be a measurable, $E$ be a normed vector space over $K \in \RC$, and $\mu: \cm \to E$ be a vector measurethen:

  1. (1)

    For any $\seq{A_n}\subset \cm$ with $A_{n} \subset A_{n+1}$ for all $n \in \nat$, $\mu\paren{\bigcup_{n \in \nat}A_n}= \limv{n}\mu(A_{n})$.

  2. (2)

    For any $\seq{A_n}\subset \cm$ with $A_{n} \supset A_{n+1}$ for all $n \in \nat$, $\mu(\bigcap_{n \in \natp}A_{n}) = \limv{n}\mu(A_{n})$.

Proof. (1): Let $A_{0} = \emptyset$. For each $n \in \natp$, let $B_{n} = A_{n} \setminus B_{n-1}$, then $\bigcup_{n \in \natp}A_{n} = \bigsqcup_{n \in \natp}B_{n}$ and

\[\limv{n}\mu(A_{n}) = \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \mu(B_{n}) = \mu\paren{\bigcup_{n \in \natp}A_n}\]

(2): By (1),

\begin{align*}\limv{n}\mu(A_{n})&= \mu(A_{1}) - \limv{n}\mu(A_{1} \setminus A_{n}) \\&= \mu(A_{1}) - \mu\paren{A_1 \setminus \bigcup_{n \in \natp}A_n}= \mu\paren{\bigcap_{n \in \natp}A_n}\end{align*}

$\square$

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