Theorem 10.1.4 (Uniform Boundedness Principle). Let $E, F$ be normed spaces and $\mathcal{T}\subset L(E; F)$. If

  1. For every $x \in E$, $\sup_{T \in \mathcal{T}}\norm{Tx}_{F} < \infty$.

  2. $E$ is a Banach space.

then $\sup_{T \in \mathcal{T}}\norm{T}_{L(E; F)}< \infty$.

Proof. For each $n \in \natp$, let $A_{n} = \bracs{x \in X|\norm{Tx}_F \le n \forall T \in \mathcal{T}}$, then each $A_{n}$ is closed with $\bigcup_{n \in \natp}A_{n} = E$. By the Baire Category Theorem, there exists $n \in \natp$ and $U \subset E$ open such that $\sup_{x \in U}\sup_{T \in \mathcal{T}}\norm{Tx}_{F}< \infty$.

Let $x \in U$ and $r > 0$ such that $\overline{B(x, r)}\subset U$, then for any $y \in E$ with $\norm{y}_{E} \le r$ and $T \in \mathcal{T}$,

\[\norm{Ty}= \norm{Ty + Tx - Tx}_{E} = \normn{T\underbrace{(x + y)}_{\in U}}_{E} + \norm{Tx}_{E} \le 2n\]

so $\sup_{T \in \mathcal{T}}\norm{T}_{L(E; F)}\le 2n/r$.$\square$