Theorem 14.3.4.label Let $\seqi{X}$ be normed vector spaces over $K \in \RC$ and $p \in [1, \infty)$ and $q \in (1, \infty]$ be Hölder conjugates. For each $y \in [l^{q}(I); X_{i}^{*}]$, let

\[\phi_{y}: [l^{p}(I); X_{i}] \to K \quad x \mapsto \sum_{i \in I}\dpn{x_i, y_i}{X_i}\]

then the mapping

\[[l^{q}(I); X_{i}^{*}] \to [l^{p}(I); X_{i}]^{*} \quad y \mapsto \phi_{y}\]

is an isometric isomorphism.

Proof. Let $\phi \in [l^{p}(I); X_{i}]^{*}$, then there exists $y \in [l^{\infty}(I); X_{i}^{*}]$ such that for each $i \in I$ and $x \in X_{i}$, $\dpn{x_i \cdot \one_{\bracs{i}}, \phi}{[l^p(I); X_i]}= \dpn{x_i, y_i}{X_i}$.

Since the $q = \infty$ case has been ruled out, assume that $q \in (1, \infty)$. For each $\alpha \in (0, 1)$, there exists $x \in [l^{\infty}(I); X_{i}]$ with $\norm{x_i}_{X_i}\le 1$ and $\dpn{x_i, y_i}{X_i}\ge \alpha \norm{y_i}_{X_i^*}$. For each $J \subset I$ finite and $i \in I$, let $F_{J}(i) = \one_{J}(i) \cdot \norm{y_i}_{X_i^*}^{q - 1}$, then by Lemma 14.1.4,

\[\norm{F_J x}_{[l^p(I); X_i]}^{p} \le \sum_{j \in J}\norm{y_j}_{X_j^*}^{p(q - 1)}= \sum_{j \in J}\norm{y_j}_{X_j^*}^{q}\]

so

\begin{align*}\alpha \sum_{j \in J}\norm{y_j}_{X_j^*}^{q}&\le \sum_{i \in I}F_{J}(i)\dpn{x_i, y_i}{X_i}= \dpn{F_J x, \phi}{[l^p(I); X_i]}\\&\le \norm{\phi}_{[l^p(I); X_i]^*}\cdot \braks{\sum_{j \in J}\norm{y_j}_{X_j^*}^{q}}^{1/p}\\ \alpha \braks{\sum_{j \in J}\norm{y_j}_{X_j^*}^q}^{1/q}&\le \norm{\phi}_{[l^p(I); X_i]^*}\end{align*}

As the above holds for all $\alpha \in (0, 1)$ and $J \subset I$ finite, $y \in [l^{q}(I); X_{i}^{*}]$ with $\norm{y}_{[l^q(I); X_i^*]}= \norm{\phi}_{[l^p(I); X_i]^*}$.$\square$

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