Definition 43.4.1 (Greatest Ambit).label Let $G$ be a discrete group, and

\[\beta L: G \to \text{Aut}(\beta G) \quad \beta L_{g}(\fU) = g\fU\]

then

  1. (1)

    $(\beta L: G \curvearrowright \beta G, 1_{G})$ is an ambit.

  2. (U)

    For any ambit $(G \curvearrowright X, x_{0})$, there exists a unique morphism of pointed $G$-flows $\pi: (\beta G, 1_{G}) \to (X, x_{0})$. Moreover, $\pi$ is surjective.

Any ambit $(Y, y_{0})$ satisfying (U) is the greatest $G$-ambit.

Proof. (1): Let

\[L: G \to \text{Perm}(G) \quad L_{g}(h) = gh\]

be the left translation action on itself. For each $g \in G$, the functoriality of the Stone-Čech compactification implies that $L_{g}$ extends into a continuous map $\beta L_{g}: \beta G \to \beta G$. By uniqueness of continuous extensions, $\beta L_{g}(\fU) = g\fU$ for all $\fU \in \beta G$. In particular, $\text{Id}_{\beta G}= \beta L_{e}$.

Moreover, for any $g, h \in G$, $\beta L_{gh}= \beta L_{g}\circ \beta L_{h}$, so $g \mapsto L_{g}$ is a homomorphism. Finally, for any $g \in G$,

\[\beta L_{g^{-1}}\circ \beta L_{g}= \beta L_{1_G}= \beta L_{g}\circ \beta L_{g^{-1}}\]

and $\beta L_{g} \in \text{Aut}(\beta G)$.

Since $\bracsn{L_g1_G|g \in G}= G$ is dense in $\beta G$, $(G \curvearrowright \beta G, 1_{G})$ is an ambit.

(2): For each $g \in G$, let $\pi_{0}(g) = gx_{0}$, then $\pi_{0} \in C(G; X)$, $\pi_{0}(1_{G}) = x_{0}$, and the following diagram commutes

\[\xymatrix{ G \ar@{->}[r]^{\pi_0} \ar@{->}[d]_{g} & X \ar@{->}[d]^{g} \\ G \ar@{->}[r]_{\pi_0} & X }\]

for all $g \in G$. By universal property of $\beta G$, $\pi_{0}$ admits a unique continuous extension $\pi \in C(\beta G; X)$. By uniqueness of continuous extensions, the following diagram commutes

\[\xymatrix{ \beta G \ar@{->}[r]^{\pi} \ar@{->}[d]_{g} & X \ar@{->}[d]^{g} \\ \beta G \ar@{->}[r]_{\pi} & X }\]

for all $g \in G$. Finally, since $\beta G$ is compact and $X$ is Hausdorff, $\pi(\beta G)$ is also compact and hence closed. As $(X, x_{0})$ is an ambit and $\pi(\beta G) \supset Gx_{0}$, $\pi(\beta G) \supset \ol{Gx_0}= X$.$\square$

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